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国家统计局：上月CPI环比由降转平 同比涨幅略有扩大******

　　中新网1月12日电 国家统计局12日发布了2022年12月份全国CPI(居民消费价格指数)和PPI(工业生产者出厂价格指数)数据。对此，国家统计局城市司首席统计师董莉娟进行了解读。

　　CPI环比由降转平，同比涨幅略有扩大

　　12月份，各地区各部门更好统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，多措并举做好市场保供稳价，物价运行总体平稳。

　　从环比看，CPI由上月下降0.2%转为持平。其中，食品价格由上月下降0.8%转为上涨0.5%，影响CPI上涨约0.09个百分点。食品中，受季节性因素影响，鲜菜和鲜果价格分别上涨7.0%和4.7%；生猪供给持续增加，猪肉价格下降8.7%，降幅比上月扩大8.0个百分点。非食品价格由上月持平转为下降0.2%，影响CPI下降约0.13个百分点。非食品中，受国际油价下行影响，国内汽油和柴油价格分别下降6.1%和6.5%；随着疫情防控政策优化调整，出行及娱乐活动逐步恢复，飞机票、电影及演出票、交通工具租赁费价格分别上涨7.7%、5.8%和3.8%；春节临近，家政服务价格上涨1.0%。

　　从同比看，CPI上涨1.8%，涨幅比上月扩大0.2个百分点。其中，食品价格上涨4.8%，涨幅比上月扩大1.1个百分点，影响CPI上涨约0.87个百分点。食品中，猪肉价格上涨22.2%，涨幅比上月回落12.2个百分点；薯类和鲜果价格分别上涨12.7%和11.0%，涨幅均有扩大；鸡蛋、食用油和粮食价格分别上涨10.0%、7.2%和2.6%，涨幅均有回落；鲜菜价格下降8.0%，降幅收窄13.2个百分点。非食品价格上涨1.1%，涨幅与上月相同，影响CPI上涨约0.92个百分点。非食品中，汽油和柴油价格分别上涨10.5%和11.4%，涨幅均有回落；飞机票价格上涨26.7%，涨幅扩大7.8个百分点。扣除食品和能源价格的核心CPI略有回升，同比上涨0.7%，涨幅比上月扩大0.1个百分点。

　　PPI环比由涨转降，同比降幅有所收窄

　　12月份，受石油及相关行业价格下降影响，PPI环比由涨转降；受上年同期对比基数走低影响，同比降幅收窄。

　　从环比看，PPI由上月上涨0.1%转为下降0.5%。生产资料价格由持平转为下降0.6%；生活资料价格由上涨0.1%转为下降0.2%。国际原油价格下行带动国内石油及相关行业价格下降，其中石油和天然气开采业价格下降8.3%，石油煤炭及其他燃料加工业价格下降3.5%。金属和煤炭价格有所上涨，其中有色金属冶炼和压延加工业价格上涨1.1%，黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业价格上涨0.4%；煤炭开采和洗选业价格上涨0.8%。此外，农副食品加工业价格由上涨0.7%转为下降1.0%；计算机通信和其他电子设备制造业价格由上涨0.3%转为下降0.2%；医药制造业价格由持平转为上涨0.2%。

　　从同比看，PPI下降0.7%，降幅比上月收窄0.6个百分点。生产资料价格下降1.4%，降幅收窄0.9个百分点；生活资料价格上涨1.8%，涨幅回落0.2个百分点。主要行业中，价格降幅收窄的有：黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业下降14.7%，收窄4.0个百分点；非金属矿物制品业下降7.8%，收窄1.1个百分点；有色金属冶炼和压延加工业下降3.6%，收窄2.4个百分点；煤炭开采和洗选业下降2.7%，收窄8.8个百分点。价格涨幅回落的有：石油和天然气开采业上涨14.4%，回落1.7个百分点；农副食品加工业上涨6.9%，回落1.0个百分点。价格涨幅扩大的有：石油煤炭及其他燃料加工业上涨10.1%，扩大3.2个百分点；计算机通信和其他电子设备制造业上涨1.3%，扩大0.1个百分点。(中新财经)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）